Founded in 1968, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics PSID is the world’s longest-running household panel survey. It has made way for the study of dynamism in social and behavioral processes, resulting in over 4,000 peer-reviewed publications. The National Science Foundation, the study’s lead sponsor, named PSID as one of its 60 most significant innovations.

The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a long-running study that examines middle-aged and older adults in the US, producing data that is used both domestically and internationally. As a panel survey, HRS follows approximately 20,000 U.S. adults, some of whom have participated in the study for 30 years, through the retirement and aging process.